Prestige Valve Cooker

. Orientation of the air intake. Intake position

I was always struck by the people who wear baseball caps backwards. It is clear that the visor of caps is designed to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun, so use them upside down, would only make sense in those conditions and occasions when we have a specific need to protect the neck of the radiation of the sun.

Similarly, it is striking to see a vehicle whose owner has decided to direct the air intake snorkel back.

Does this practice adversely affects the efficiency of the engine intake system?

Taking into account the aerodynamic behavior of the snorkel, and the effect of this on the engine air intake can not be ignored, we decided to conduct a little experiment to try to quantify the difference between making use of snorkel facing forward or backward.

In these images, taken by some in the Caracas-Guarenas few years ago, one can see easily the difference between the air flow laminar and turbulent flow. Notice how the pieces of wire in the central area of \u200b\u200bthe rear window and top of the bag are oriented haphazardly, suggesting the separation of air flow and turbulence in these areas.

Similar to the previous example, in the case of a snorkel, we should consider the turbulence that it leaves in its wake. The purpose of this Admission is trying to determine quantitatively the inconvenience of making the engine breathe air from an area of \u200b\u200bturbulent flow, such as when you orient the air intake snorkel back. It is easy to see that any difference in engine air intake is of greater magnitude in so far as to increase the speed of the test vehicle and engine rpm, as it will be higher also the degree of turbulence in the wake and the air flow required by the engine to operate.

In an internal combustion engine, the restrictions that hinder the entry of the intake air to the cylinders, manifest as falls Pressure (also known as vacuum) generated as a result of the downward movement of the pistons (normally aspirated engines). So the determination of the difference in pressure drop of the intake system of our Land Cruiser test before and after turning the air intake snorkel, will reveal the truth about this issue.

As we expected that differences in pressure drop were very small, we make the measuring instrument can detect much smaller quantities than those who could show the pressure gauges vacuum normally available in the homes of auto accessories and auto parts. In our homemade instrument, the scale ranges from 0 to 100 cm of water. As a reference, it is good to remember that a cm. H ₂ O is equivalent to 0.0142 pounds per square inch or PSI. The hose connection is made before the throttle.

As usual, enlist the help of our friend masked to be in charge of taking such a sophisticated instrument readings while the vehicle was in motion.

In making measurements on the highway to Caricuao.

In this photo you can appreciate the pressure drop readings, fully loaded, the engine intake system on our test Land Cruiser, while traveling in third gear at 145 km / h and 5,500 rpm. Reading the left corresponds to the air intake facing forward, and the right corresponds to the air intake facing backwards.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

This table summarizes the results of this test. For each condition three passes were made in order to rule out errors and guarantee the repeatability required in this type of test.

We see in the table, the resistance to airflow intake was to increase by just over 55% as we moved to 145 mph and 5,500 rpm, when rear-facing air intake snorkeling.

In conclusion and in exceptional circumstances can justify the cap put on backwards, we could do the same with the installation of collection of the snorkel back only in very specific situations, like when we rolled through areas or dense jungle vegetation and wish to avoid this becoming entangled in branches or vines.

In all other circumstances, especially if we are traveling at high speed roads and motorways, has been clearly demonstrated that direct the air intake snorkel back is counterproductive to the efficiency of the engine, which will turn manifest as loss of power and increased fuel consumption.

INTAKE SNORKEL ORIENTATION

I Have Always So Many Wonderer why people wear baseball caps backwards. It Seems pretty clear to me that these caps are meant to protect the eyes from sunlight. Therefore, using them backwards only seems to make sense when we need to protect the back of our necks from the sun.


Exactly the same thing goes through my mind when I see a snorkel intake installed backwards.

Doesn’t this practice negatively affect the engine’s intake system efficiency?

Considering that the snorkel’s aerodynamic behavior and its possible effect on the engine’s air intake efficiency cannot be ignored, we decided to carry out a small experiment to try to quantify the difference between installing the snorkel facing forward or backwards.

In these photographs, which were taken during some simple aerodynamic tests we conducted on a Toyota Corolla a few years ago, the difference between laminar and turbulent airflow can be clearly seen. Please note how the strands located on the middle of the rear window and trunk are pointing in every direction, whirling in a disorderly manner that shows that the flow has become turbulent in those areas.

As shown in the previous example, in the case of a snorkel we should consider the turbulence that it leaves in its wake as it moves through the air. The purpose of this post is to try to determine quantitatively, the inconvenience of trying to make an engine breath through a detached, turbulent flow, when the snorkel intake us installed facing backwards. It should be fairly easy to realize that any change in engine intake flow restriction will become larger as the test vehicle’s speed and engine speed increase, as the wake turbulence and engine intake air volume will also become larger.

In a naturally aspirated engine, intake airflow restrictions show up as pressure drops that appear as consequence of the pistons’ descending movement. As a result, if we can determine any difference in pressure drop in our Land Cruiser before and after turning the snorkel intake around, we can find if this change has any effect in intake efficiency.

Because we expected to find very small pressure drop differences, we built this instrument , which is very similar to a barometer as you can see, that allows us to measure smaller pressure drops than any vacuum gauge we could find commercially in our country. Here the scale goes from 0 to 100 centimeters of water. As a reference, you may note that 1 cmH 2 O= 0.0142 PSI

As usual, we enlisted the help of our masked friend to take note of our sophisticated instrument readings while the vehicle was moving.

Performing the tests, on a highway in the city of Caracas.

These photos show the pressure drop readings taken while our test Land Cruiser was driven at 90 miles per hour and 5,500 rpm under full load. The reading on the left was taken with the snorkel intake facing forward, while the one on the right shows the pressure drop while facing backwards.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

This table summarizes our test results. Each condition was tested three times, in order to minimize errors and to guarantee the repeatability this type of test requires.

The results show that the intake system pressure drop increased a little over 55% when the vehicle was driven at 90 mph and 5,500 rpm if the snorkel intake was installed backwards.

In conclusion, just like we can wear a baseball backwards under exceptional circumstances, we can do the same by installing our snorkel intakes backwards in special conditions, such as when driving in jungle areas, where we wish to avoid tangling with branches or hanging vines.

Under other circumstances, particularly if we are driving at high speed, we believe that we have clearly demonstrated that installing the snorkel intake backward will have a detrimental effect on the engine's efficiency, Which Will Manifest Itself as power loss and an Increase in fuel consumption.

Rock Climbing Shops Shanghai

deliver the clock! End of game. He finished the game

We delivered the prize of our game.

In the afternoon of Wednesday November 3 was delivered in the Fun Race the clock Store had offered to the winners.

This picture shows the moment of delivery of the clock.

As to how it was that our winners chose to participate with us and the adventures and events surrounding his participation, We decided to let people be themselves tell us in great detail:

"As always innovating ideas, and the growth of knowledge Land Cruiser enthusiasts the world as we are many, TUCAN TRAVEL BLOG us refers to the saying of "every day we learn something new" this time we are referring to is the GEOSTASHING or GEOCACHING. To sum it is this new concept (as it was for me) is out to play with the car and the GPS together with great friends making use of our navigation tools and knowledge of off-road areas in order to find a treasure, in conclusion to what we like with the only difference that the award is not a camping site ( http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching ).

The October 4, I get a personal email sent by employees of TUCAN TRAVEL BLOG, referring to the anniversary of the blog which would be held with a game and prize .... Any explanation of how to carry out was on this link immediately answered http://tucanviajero.blogspot.com/2010/10/jugando-con-nuestros-land-cruiser.html and started playing and find out where I could get these tracks with the only detail not interpret well the explanation of what is referred to "all tracks are on the blog. I meant by "blog" the issue where it was explained what would be the anniversary celebration, this was explained that the tracks could be in photos or on the issues, seeing that they were not the subject I decided to look for on the photos and any tracks he saw in the article was the series to which they belonged cars that came in them, the "X" of the masked person could be a Roman numeral (by the way Meteor, the masked man is your brother, just so knew), the numbers marked clockwise (as they saw it as a safe track, because as the commercials advertising techniques always watch checking out at 10:10 and there was no way) or was more stripped than the skull of Carlos Almenar Otero. I spent days looking at the track trying to buy time as it approached me I would travel out of the game for several days.
trip just arrived which was the day October 25 it in an update of the day 10/21/1910 said that they had not yet picked up the worth of the prize, which was a motivation to continue in the pursuit of tracks.
On October 27 I will call Francisco Feo without thinking about the game, only to find out which part of the globe was to throw us the stories, of what he Once I say "your truck is working" (this type of comment is due to an inside joke that leads to temporary accommodations provided), to which I reply "yes", once told me "we find the clock of TUCAN TRAVEL ".... How to say" NO "to this, all perfectly coordinated a trip accompanied by tremendous people, sharing with family, on board our Land Cruiser as the Indiana Jones movie" Raiders of the Lost Ark ".

immediately called my wife to tell you about the event planned Francisco, to which I run to call again to inform Francisco to what he referred to me "you said your mistress" to which I reply "gave me permission to go out and play." Well, this begins the preparation for each trip. I asked Francisco how he got the tracks because I did not see., Francisco I clarifies and explains that what he referred to the tracks were on the blog was what covers all topics that are in it. Once I start the quest to have the backup just in here ... They were

:

2010
February 2003 '22.3''º

June 1967 July 1951
2008
' 48.7''º

December 1909
From day Francis and myself we contacted spoke up to 4 times a day discussing what would be the trip and would prepare all, if we stay serious camping trip or travel etc lap.
Francisco calls me on Friday saying that October 29 is concerned that as the weather satellite program that runs regularly because of his profession, he advises that a storm is coming that puts Margarita Island ORANGE alertness. This could make the date decline was mainly proposed and run the search for a weekday. The problem was to run far and people that made this issue starting with children was most important to integrate the group of issue, could not join school activities, to which Francis I mention that this idea did not convince me, I said that if the storm had no name woman then did not have to worry about and effect is called "Thomas" and that there was no fear, but then tells me I look for in Google .... Something and saw the satellite photos of Guarico out wells on the way to go, what is the problem because we put the raincoat in the car, but we go we go, rain or shine we will find that Thomas clock .... . Well, that day I went in search of a jack to change tires on my TLC and then pick have broken all the asparagus tip rear driveshaft FF .... This was a major impediment for me to make the trip, and I do not believe that the Corolla was equipped for the job. So I chose to use a wildcard and I called a friend, Carlos Espinal what once told me to jump in the house, picked up my spindle and got put couplers double to film up there. Twist of fate that Carlos had all the parts back in the house, asparagus new bag, we removed the cones is the FF of the FJ40, nuts look them up in a box, stuffing the just bought for FF We are arming to adapt, so we are ready not to worry about let's go !!!!!!. Here

maps related to the storm THOMAAAAAAAAAAASS !!!!!



http://www.intellicast.com/Storm/Hurricane/Active.aspx?storm=2&type=track

On Saturday 30 October and willing to start having done some shopping for the road the day before, thinking they have lunch in the rest of meat on a stick to which much reference to Francisco, we got ready to walk the Central Regional Highway what we get as in the KM 15 a rear tail trance Barbie here the news ( http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/10/30/pol_ava_reabren-el-paso-por_30A4672891.shtml ). This brings us to arrive late at the rendezvous point and hence the output to our destination site. We were called by Phone Communicating as radio propaganda "and that you do in the queue" "NOTHING !!!!". Everything was so that what were 3 channels highway to funnel a channel into the opposite lane .


after I finally after 2 hours in line to pass through and reach our meeting place where they would supply fuel, we had thought time in the starting point was transformed to 9:40 7:30 to boot.

On the way we communicate by CB radio 11 meters, making comments about our trip and talking about the subject on what was the game. During the journey is inevitable to observe our environment and realize the details that make us think "this is a good picture," I stand here to see what that is, "who will be giving away there", etc ... .. An example of what we call "personal opinion" is this:

This photo was taken by my wife to what she does Reference: bag costs more than that little boat!! Apparently it's a brand handbag FENDI (male only known respected Columbia and Coleman).

This was something endless queue of people was within a few miles from where TOYOTA dealer in Guarico. It was not what concerned the queue and just see the color of the awning we realize that it is referring to poor service as for the formation of a queue of that magnitude is not because they might be giving away something, but they left accumulate this amount of people serving time for not a promise unfulfilled.



Many of the photos that I would have liked to take could not be longer than driving and taking pictures was made difficult, more time it took for the camera while lit and gave the click. My designated photographer had apparently lost the inspiration.

On our tour were identified after the sign that welcomed us Guarico State. So we announced it was time to refuel food for us and our mains drainage which prevented us from getting a comfortable position on the seat as we abstained. To me it was the 1st time I went to Guarico of day, I can say that view is very different lol.


We came to a toll or post guards that looked pretty new architecture also do not usually get this way when I go to Guarico. This said, saying "Welcome to Dungeon, plain doors."

This toll or put nearly 200 meters approx. Turn right to get us to the entrance rather allegorical Guardatinajas the name and welcoming, the picture could not be taken as is for 2 things first that came a series 70 model 78 with a trailer carrying a horse, it came to all horses and it gave the car a more súmenle was coming in the trailer or just missing Ali Khan to tell the horse race that was chasing, and the other was that if I stopped this time remained to reach the "X "I had our treasure map.

Well, the way we began shortening the gap from meters to our task, children jumping, we went down to take some pictures, Francis came to check my GPS to correct as I had gotten the coordinates to the end and leave victorious. The road was dusty because of the great drought of what you put me next to the FTA Francisco and say "demand to GOOGLE "and says" why? "to which I reply" where the puddles you saw in the photos?, I cheated like a vile child "to what he referred to connote sexual behavior but more colloquial very everyday vocabulary turkeys today and started ....

We had to walk quite a distance because of the dust layer that was formed to which we turned the spotlight back, I just for a case because of the road trip we took 2 cars, so if they also come ... this layer at a given moment and more coming separate me from seeing a landform which caused a small jump in the van nothing like those of the "Dukes of Hazzard" but this caused a short in my TLC to prevent further travel on my TLC.

Francisco aided my TLC towed to a site off the road, where Francisco (Pancho) his son was released from the car of his Dad to help me in knowledge of rescue techniques 4x4, in this case to the strap and shackle to pull me the site.

was something electrical failure, did not pass power to the suichera not know we could be and there was not time easy to review so there were only 20 KM to reach the mission, the decision was to leave the van to roadside and proceed in a vehicle. When you pass one of the steps where he was the stray cattle had the opportunity to see a snake that was longer than this period or in another presidential comparison longer than the width of the vehicle looked like a sleeping policeman, Francisco brake suddenly to avoid stepped on to what everyone in the vehicle did a salute to the king. This happened by accident, got another point the game looked, if Mr. The most globally sought and found us, this is the "G" and the evidence I refer ...

From that entry began comparing the photos that were referenced in the report, as "this is the picture where you see the tree at the bottom" and later were still "not this" and so on, did not see anything that we imagined we looked only at the position where the photos were taken of the cars the award was to the left side but nothing !!!!. The GPS began to recalculate not understand why? The pointer was parallel to where they had painted the track, started a little scare, but nothing frightens us, we were all together, only expected not conduct a remake of the movie "Alive" (is that we did not have much food).

The trail that we had, hoping that might be, let the GPS recalculate until we reached the road site to a "Y" we figured it was to the left where he showed himself not too far but the position there of cars in the photo indicated that it might be ... The GPS showed us the "Y" but that led us down there, we saw that here we would have to start looking and clear to see the photo to the corridor masked in a dry forest species, this was what he seemed just as beginning to get off the vehicle still inside it we see the cherry in a tree, emotion But I thought if a relative of the snake would not be out there, the kids were busting the door and I remember Francis saying "put on your shoes , put on your shoes, "Pancho and was ready to download and Francisco says" wait for your brother while I was preparing the camera and get out there thought to make noise to scare away any animal that is found in the vicinity as eg .: a relative of the snake, or at least not hungry.




We enter all carefully in search of it, was impressed by the excitement of children, enjoyed the symbolism of this trip, and of course we made fun of THOMAS.


hear voices near where we were and we saw that we could not go there was a river that made the journey ended there, to warm them up the river was likely to end the celebration, but Francisco decided to go to where they were the voices, there were 3 locals (a Mr. with her 2 children) were sharing in a work fishing. What we got in the river pure Caribbean, that was what drew (good way to end the celebration we planned when we decided to swim), I wondered what else could get into the river to which I reply with the accent of the area "tenblaores those who throw 2.20 ", NA GUARAAAA!! I need like 3 of those to see if that fixed the electrical problem in my truck. Francisco went to the back of the car where I get various goodies and refreshments for our new friends. A story with them was when asked about the Caribbean and said "you eat 3 of those and the woman is happy," ahhhh ok !!!!! He told us it can be stored for 8 days, but no fish manhood .... fly !!!!!




Well and having shared and learned new things, we have to go the same way but back now seeking the help of my TLC . Another of the greatest moments after the award was achieved when Francisco was about to pass through a river to reach the other side to be linked with the road but this road was eroded so uninformed, but it was something for children is more excited than they already were when suddenly just finished crossing the river Francisco puts the double and begins to play on the player AC / DC highway to hell ... .. co ... .!!!!!! That's where you say "I can die", but when Pancho turns after I make reference to the song and I said "and it sounded before it was Back in Black" Pana I congratulate my friend Francisco because it is educating more well .... hahahaha

For we have come to the van which was alive and well despite the electrical problem, again Pancho takes my hand strap and shackle and is willing to put in another car to get around my TLC to return and walk out to find a crane or check if the fault is not serious.

Francisco drove me to the toll and since we had seen previously which DUNGEON welcomed at the door of the plain. Assuming there would be sure to review the FTA decided to find the fault, which was achieved as the plan B which was the crane (Atxurra AITOR by the rapid mobilization of this), which was not used because Francis used his knowledge and made a fairly rapid adaptation to try to mobilize back to Caracas.


The tour consisted of 620 KMS everything done in one day. This consisted with:

IDA Route:

Maite, San Casimiro, Pardillal, San Sebastian de los Reyes, San Juan de Los Morros, Parapara Ortiz, Dos Caminos, El Rastro, Guardatinajas. Back



Guardatinajas, El Rastro, Dos Caminos, Tiguigue, El Sombrero, BBQ, Pardillal, San Casimiro, Maite


This is the treasure map:





TEXT
Francisco Feo, Alejandro Tejero

PHOTOGRAPHY:
Francisco (Pancho) Feo, Francisco Feo, Zulay Nuñez, Black Berry, Tiziana, Alejandro Tejero. "



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